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Fasting is a great pillar of Islam. The person who does not fast in the month of Ramadhaan without a valid excuse commits a major sin.
Hazrat Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “The one who misses a single fast in the month of Ramadhaan without a concession (from the side of Shari’ah) or illness, he will not be able to compensate for (the blessing of) that one day even if he fasts for the rest of his life.” [1]
The fast of Ramadhaan was made fardh (obligatory) upon the Ummah in the 2nd year after hijrah. [1] Allah Ta‘ala says in the Quraan Majeed:
يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِيْنَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُوْنَ
“Fasting has been ordained upon you as it was ordained upon those before you so that you may attain taqwa.” [2]
7. Ensure that you do not give less than the amount that is obligatory upon you. If you give more, it will be better. [1]
8. Zakaat is payable upon the expiry of one lunar year from the time one becomes the owner of nisaab (the minimum amount of wealth upon which zakaat is compulsory). Hence, one should calculate the zakaat upon one’s zakaat date. [2]
9. From the zakaat date, Shari’ah gives one a complete year to discharge the zakaat. Hence, one should ensure that he discharges his zakaat before the next year’s zakaat date. If any zakaat is outstanding, until the next year’s zakaat date arrives, one will be sinful for delaying in discharging the zakaat. [3]
4. One should not give zakaat to those who are not eligible to receive zakaat. If one gives zakaat to people, knowing that they are not eligible to receive zakaat, the obligation of zakaat will not be fulfilled. [1] However, if one gave zakaat to a person, considering him to be eligible for zakaat, but later came to know that he was not eligible, his zakaat will be fulfilled. [2]
5. When discharging zakaat, ensure that tamleek takes place (i.e. the recipient is made the owner of the wealth). If tamleek is not found, the zakaat will not be discharged. [3] For example, if one invites a poor person for a meal and allows him to partake of the food, the zakaat will not be discharged as he was not made the owner of the food. [4]
1. Shari’ah has made zakaat compulsory upon the person who possesses the amount of nisaab. The amount of nisaab will be calculated from all zakaatable wealth. One will not include the basic necessities of life in his zakaat calculation. The basic necessities of life are the house, car, furniture, items in use, etc. [1]
2. It is not permissible for one to give zakaat to his ascendants (e.g. parents, grandparents, etc) and descendants (e.g. children, grandchildren, etc). [2]
3. Zakaat has to be given to a recipient of zakaat. A recipient of zakaat is a poor Muslim who does not possess the nisaab of zakaat. [3] Hence, zakaat cannot be given to a musjid or madrasah, or to pay for the burial of a deceased, etc., as these are not recipients of zakaat. [4]
Tamleek
Tamleek is a fundamental requirement in the discharging of zakaat. Tamleek refers to transferring ownership of the wealth to the recipient of zakaat. If this requirement is not fulfilled, the zakaat will not be discharged.
Hence, zakaat cannot be used to pay for the building of a musjid, or for the lights and water of the musjid, or for the burial of a person, as in all these cases, the aspect of tamleek (giving ownership of the wealth to a poor person) is not found. [1]
After possessing the nisaab amount, if a person receives any additional wealth during the course of the year, then on the completion of the zakaat year, this additional amount will be included in his zakaatable assets, on condition that the additional wealth remained with him until his zakaat date. Hence, zakaat will be calculated and discharged on the entire amount that he possesses at the time of his zakaat date.
E.g. Zaid possessed R100 000. Zaid’s zakaat year ends on the 1st of Ramadhaan. A few days before the 1st of Ramadhaan, he received a lump sum of R1 000 000 in inheritance. Zaid will have to pay zakaat on the R100 000 as well as the R1 000 000.
Similarly, if his wealth decreased before his zakaat date, he will not have to pay zakaat on the amount that decreased. Rather, he will only pay zakaat on the amount which he possessed on his zakaat date.
E.g. Zaid possessed R100 000. Zaid’s zakaat year ends on the 1st of Ramadhaan. A few days before the 1st of Ramadhaan, he spent R50 000. Zaid will not have to pay zakaat on the R50 000 that he spent. Rather, he will only have to pay zakaat on the remaining R50 000.
When a person acquires wealth which equals the nisaab and the wealth remains with him for an entire lunar year from the first day he acquired the wealth, then zakaat becomes compulsory on that wealth. [1]
E.g. Zaid acquired R3 000 (which is the nisaab amount) on the first day of the lunar year (1st of Muharram 1434). This wealth remained with him for an entire lunar year. On the 1st of Muharram 1435, zakaat will be compulsory upon the wealth.
The following types of wealth are regarded as zakaatable wealth (wealth upon which zakaat is payable):
1. Cash (including cash in the bank) [1]
2. The market value of the merchandise contained in the share of the company [2]
3. The market rate of the balance of stock in trade (including raw materials) [See 2]
4. Receivable amounts i.e. debts owed to a person, monies loaned to people, etc. [3]
5. Foreign currencies [See 1]
6. Gold and silver [4]
7. Face value of the financial papers such as bonds loaned to the government, etc. [See 3]
Note: It should be borne in mind that bonds loaned to the government is not permissible as it is an interest-bearing loan. However, if one had got involved in it, then when the loan is paid back by the government, it will only be permissible for one to retrieve the original amount of the loan given. The interest amount paid out by the government will be impermissible. It will have to be given in sadaqah without the intention of receiving any reward. Similarly, it should be known that it is impermissible for a believer to deal in any form of interest (usury) whether it be receiving or giving an interest-bearing loan.
Zakaat is fardh upon a person who meets the following criteria:
1. He is a Muslim
2. He is an adult (baaligh)
3. He is a sane person
4. He is a free person (not a slave)
5. He possesses zakaatable wealth which is equal to or exceeds the nisaab amount, and he possesses this wealth for an entire lunar year. [1]
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Sunnats and Aadaab of Discharging Zakaat – Part Three
Written by user27. Ensure that you do not give less than the amount that is obligatory upon you. Zakaat must be discharged after correctly calculating the amount that is due. Do not merely estimate the amount and discharge zakaat, as it is possible that you may estimate a lesser amount and fail to discharge your zakaat correctly.
8. Refer to the Ulama to learn the correct method of calculating zakaat. [1]
[1] وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ إِلَّا رِجَالًا نُوحِيْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَاسْئَلُوْا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُوْنَ (سورة النحل: 43)
4. Regard the recipient of the zakaat as doing you a favour, as he is the means of you fulfilling your fardh obligation. Through him accepting your zakaat, he is cleansing your wealth from impurity. [1]
5. Give the zakaat to the recipient with respect and dignity. You should not cause any pain to the recipient of zakaat e.g. by embarassing him or reminding him of your favour upon him. [2]
6. Do not discharge zakaat for show nor publicize the amount of zakaat you have discharged. Carrying out good deeds for show and ostentation destroys the rewards of the good deeds. [2]
1. When discharging zakaat, ensure that you discharge the zakaat from pure, halaal earnings. It is reported in the Hadith that Allah Ta‘ala does not accept charity given from impure wealth (i.e. haraam or doubtful wealth). [1]
2. Discharge zakaat with complete sincerity and with the intention of fulfilling the command of Allah Ta‘ala and earning His pleasure. [2]
3. Zakaat must be given happily and wholeheartedly. Do not regard zakaat to be a tax or a burden. [3]
Serious Consequences for Neglecting the Obligation of Zakaat
Written by user2Not Receving Reward for One’s Salaah
Hazrat Abdullah bin Mas’ood (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) mentioned, “We have been commanded to establish salaah and discharge zakaat, and the one who does not discharge his zakaat, there is no salaah for him.” [1]
The Ulama explain this Hadith to mean that though the obligation of salaah will be fulfilled, the person will not receive any reward for his salaah on account of him not discharging his zakaat. From this Hadith, it is clear that when a person neglects one branch of Deen, a detrimental effect is witnessed in all the other branches of Deen. Hence, just as neglecting zakaat impacts on salaah, similarly neglecting salaah will impact on zakaat and all the other branches of Deen. [2]