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The deen of Islam has presented laws and injunctions, and sunnats and aadaab (etiquettes), to teach man how to conduct in all situations and all conditions.
Just as the deen of Islam has provided guidance to a person when he is residing in his hometown, similarly it has provided him with guidance as to how he should conduct when he is out on safar (travelling on a journey).
In other words, the deen of Islam is so complete, comprehensive and perfect that it has taken a person’s condition into consideration at all times and all situations and provided him with appropriate guidance.
Hence, we find that Shariah has given concession to a travelling person to perform two rakaats in place of the four rakaats salaah. Similarly, Shariah has given concession to a traveling person not to fast in Ramadhaan, and instead keep qadha of the missed fasts after the month of Ramadhaan.
After commencing the Tahajjud Salaah, recite the following duas before reciting Surah Faatihah:
Dua One
اَللّٰهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ أَنْتَ قَيِّمُ السَّمٰوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ فِيْهِنَّ وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ لَكَ مُلْكُ السَّمٰوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ فِيْهِنَّ وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ اَنْتَ نُوْرُ السَّمٰوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَنْ فِيْهِنَّ وَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ أَنْتَ الْحَقُّ وَوَعْدُكَ الْحَقُّ وَلِقَاؤُكَ حَقٌّ وَقَوْلُكَ حَقٌّ وَالْجَنَّةُ حَقٌّ وَالنَّارُ حَقٌّ وَالنَّبِيُّوْنَ حَقٌّ وَمُحَمَّدٌ صَلّٰى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَقٌّ وَالسَّاعَةُ حَقٌّ اَللّٰهُمَّ لَكَ أَسْلَمْتُ وَبِكَ آمَنْتُ وَعَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْكَ أَنَبْتُ وَبِكَ خَاصَمْتُ وَإِلَيْكَ حَاكَمْتُ فَاغْفِرْ لِيْ مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللّٰهِ
O Allah, all praise belongs to You and You are the Maintainer of the heavens and the earth and whoever is contained within them. All praise belongs to You and to You belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth and whoever is contained within them. All praise belongs to You and You are the noor (i.e. light) of the heavens and the earth and whoever is contained within them. You are Haqq, Your promises are true and Your meeting is true. Your speech is true, Jannah is true and Jahannum is true. The Ambiyaa (‘alaihimus salaam) are true and Hazrat Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) is true. The last hour is true. O Allah Ta‘ala, only to You have I surrendered. Only upon You have I brought Imaan. I have placed my trust and reliance only upon You. It is only towards You that I turn. It is only on account of You (i.e. with Your help) that I dispute (with the kuffaar in proving the truth). It is only towards You that I turn for judgement. Thus, forgive my sins - my past sins and my future sins, those sins commited in secret and those sins committed openly. You are the first and You are the last. There is none worthy of worship besides You, and there is no power (to do good) nor any ability (to abstain from evil) except with the help of Allah Ta‘ala. [1]
Dua One
اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ الَّذِيْ أَحْيَانَا بَعْدَ مَا أَمَاتَنَا وَإِلَيْهِ النُّشُوْرْ
All praise is due to Allah Ta‘ala who granted us life after death and to Him alone will we be returned. [1]
Before sleeping, we are taught to recite the masnoon duas and remember Allah Ta‘ala. Among the masnoon duas before sleeping, is the following dua:
اَللّٰهُمَّ بِاسْمِكَ أَمُوْتُ وَأَحْيٰى
O Allah, with Your name do I die and live. [1]
In this dua, sleep has been resembled to death, due to the fact that when a person sleeps, he loses his senses and consciousness.
Hence, from this dua, we are being taught that at the time of sleeping, one should be prepared to meet Allah Ta‘ala.
Dua One
اَللّٰهُمَّ بِاسْمِكَ أَمُوْتُ وَأَحْيٰى
O Allah, with Your name do I die and live. [1]
If you experience fear during the night due to seeing bad dreams, recite the following duas:
Dua One
أَعُوْذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللهِ التَّامَّاتِ الَّتِيْ لَا يُجَاوِزُهُنَّ بَرٌّ وَلَا فَاجِرٌ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا يَنْزِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَمَا يَعْرُجُ فِيْهَا وَمِنْ شَرِّ مَا ذَرَأَ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَمَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتَنِ اللَّيْلِ وَفِتَنِ النَّهَارِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ طَوَارِقِ اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ إلَّا طَارِقًا يَطْرُقُ بِخَيْرٍ يَا رَحْمٰنْ
I seek protection in the complete words of Allah Ta‘ala, which neither a pious person nor a sinner can surpass; from the evil of that which descends from the sky and that which ascends in it, and from the evil of that which He created in the earth and that which comes out of it, and from the evil of the trials of the night and the trials of the day, and from the evil of those creations that come out during the night and day, except for those that come with good, O the Most Merciful. [1]
11. Do not sleep unnecessarily after Maghrib. If you have a need to sleep (e.g. due to illness or extreme tiredness) then get someone to wake up you up for Esha or set an alarm. [1]
Hazrat Abu Barzah (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reports that Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) disliked that a person sleep before Esha (i.e. after Maghrib), and engage in discussions after Esha (in the case where there is no need). [2]
1. After the Esha Salaah, do not while away your time in idle conversation. Instead, try to sleep as early as possible so that you may be able to wake up for Tahajjud Salaah and perform your Fajr Salaah on time. However, if there is a valid need to remain awake e.g. participating in a Deeni program, discussing Deeni masaa’il, an important mashwarah, etc. then it will be permissible for you to engage in such discussions after Esha. [1]
Hazrat Abu Barzah (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reports that Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) disliked that a person sleep before Esha, and engage in discussions after Esha (in the case where there is no need). [2]
Hazrat Umar (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reports, “Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) engaged in discussions after Esha with Abu Bakr (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) regarding a matter concerning the Muslims while I was also present.” [3]
Hazrat Aaishah (radhiyallahu ‘anha) reports that she had never seen Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) sleep before Esha, nor did she see him engage in idle discussions after Esha. He would either engage in the remembrance of Allah Ta‘ala after Esha, thereby reaping the rewards of the Hereafter and becoming successful, or he would go to sleep, thereby saving himself (from being engaged in things of no benefit). Hazrat Aaishah (radhiyallahu ‘anha) further says, “Engaging in talks after Esha is permissible for three groups of people; for a married couple, a traveller (to assist him in remaining awake and completing the journey) and one who intends performing salaah during the night.” [4]
Sleep is one of the basic needs of every person, just as eating and drinking are basic needs. Allah Ta‘ala makes mention of the great bounty of sleep in the Qur’aan Majeed saying:
وَّ جَعَلۡنَا نَوۡمَکُمۡ سُبَاتًا ۙ﴿۹﴾
And We made sleep a means of rest for you. [1]
1. Before drinking, take the name of Allah Ta‘ala by reciting: [1]
بِسْمِ اللهِ
In the name of Allah.
2. Drink with the right hand. [2]
Hazrat Ibnu Umar (radhiyallahu ‘anhuma) reports that Hazrat Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “When any one of you eats then he should eat with his right hand, and when he drinks then he should drink with his right hand, for indeed Shaitaan eats with his left hand and drinks with his left hand.” [3]
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There are many sunnats and aadaab (etiquettes) in regard to drinking. Some sunnats and aadaab pertain to the various duas which have been prescribed to be recited before, during and after drinking. Other sunnats and aadaab relate to the manner in which a person should drink.
Apart from this, there are sunnats and aadaab that teach a person the amount of liquid that he should drink at one time in order for him to avoid damaging his health. Hence, drinking in the correct manner is essential, as this will enable one to maintain good health which will assist him in the worship of Allah Ta‘ala.
Dua One
اَلْحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ الَّذِيْ أَطْعَمَنَا وَسَقَانَا وَجَعَلَنَا مُسْلِمِيْنَ
All praise is due to Allah Ta‘ala who gave us food and drink and made us Muslims. [1]
1. Do not criticize or find fault with the food. [1]
Hazrat Abu Hurairah (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reports that Hazrat Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) never found fault with the food. If he desired eating it, he ate it, and if he was not inclined towards eating it, he left it (without finding fault with it). [2]
1. After eating, thoroughly clean the plate or any other utensil which you are eating from (bowl, etc.). It is reported in the Hadith that the utensil makes dua of forgiveness for the one who cleans it after eating. [1]
2. After eating, lick your fingers. First lick the middle finger, then the index finger, and finally the thumb. [2]
Hazrat Abu Hurairah (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reports that Hazrat Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “When any of you eats any food, then he should lick his fingers, as he does not know which morsel of food contains the special blessings of Allah Ta‘ala.” [3]