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Seeratul Mustafaa (333)
Towards the beginning of the month of Ramadhaan of the year 2AH, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) received news that Abu Sufyaan was returning from Syria to Makkah Mukarramah with the trade caravan of the Quraish, fully laden with commercial merchandise and other goods.
Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) gathered the Sahaabah (radhiyallahu ‘anhum), and addressed them saying, “The trade caravan of the Quraish which is fully laden with goods is passing by. Proceed towards this caravan. Perhaps Allah Ta‘ala will grant you the wealth of this caravan as spoils of war.” Since they did not have any idea or expectation of entering into a battle or fight, they had set out without any military preparations.
This battle was the most decisive battle in the annals of Islam because this battle was the forerunner to the glory and might of Islam, and it marked the beginning of the downfall and humiliation of disbelief.
Through the divine mercy of Allah Ta‘ala, without any form of apparent means and material resources, the Deen of Islam was supported and assisted purely from the unseen, and such a powerful blow was given to the head of disbelief and polytheism that its skull splintered into pieces.
Hazrat Abdullah bin Jahsh (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) and his companions had taken Uthmaan bin Abdillah and Hakam bin Kaysaan as captives during their expedition. Thus, the Quraish sent a sum of money as ransom for the release of these two captives who were held by the Muslims.
A trade caravan of the Quraish was returning from Syria to Makkah Mukarramah on the last day of the sacred month of Rajab (in which engaging in battle and fighting was declared forbidden). However, mistakenly thinking that it was already the first of Sha’baan, the Sahaabah (radhiyallahu ‘anhum) launched an attack on this trade caravan of the Quraish.
The Sariyyah of Hazrat Abdullah bin Jahsh (radhiyallahu ‘anhu)
Written by user2After returning from the expedition of Safawaan, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) despatched Hazrat Abdullah bin Jahsh (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) towards a place called Nakhlah in the month of Rajab 2 A.H. Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) also sent the following eleven Muhaajireen with him:
First Expedition of Badr - Also Referred to as the Expedition of Safawaan or the Minor Expedition of Badr
Written by user2Barely ten days had passed after Rasulullah’s (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) return to Madinah Munawwarah from the battle of Ushayrah when Kurz bin Jaabir Fihri launched a late-night attack on the pastures of Madinah Munawwarah, and after stealing a number of camels and goats belonging to the people of Madinah Munawwarah, he fled.
During the month of Jumaadal Oola of the year 2 A.H., Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) set out with two hundred Muhaajireen in the direction of Ushayrah to attack the caravan of the Quraish. Ushayrah is the name of a place close to Yambu’. Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) appointed Hazrat Abu Salamah bin Abdil Asad (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) as his vicegerent over Madinah Munawwarah in his absence.
Through wahi (divine revelation), Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) was informed of a trade caravan of the Quraish heading towards Makkah Mukarramah. Therefore, in the month of Rabee’-ul-Awwal or Rabee’-us-Saani in the year 2 A.H. Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) set out in the direction of Bawaat with at least two hundred Mujaahideen. The purpose of this expedition was to launch an attack against this trade caravan.
Sariyyah of Hazrat Sa’d bin Abi Waqqaas (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) and the Expedition of Abwaa
Written by user2In the month of Zul-Qa’dah, during the first year of hijrah, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) despatched an infantry group (a group of foot-soldiers) comprising of twenty Muhaajireen under the command of Hazrat Sa’d bin Abi Waqqaas (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) to Kharraar.
This infantry group would hide during the day and travel at night. When they reached the valley of Kharraar, they learnt that the Qurayshi caravan (that they were pursuing) had already left. This group then returned to Madinah Munawwarah.
Sariyyah of Hazrat Ubaidah bin Haarith (radhiyallahu ‘anhu)
Written by user2Eight months after the Hijrah, during the month of Shawwaal in the first year of the hijrah, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) despatched a contingent of sixty or eighty Muhaajireen, mounted on conveyances, under the commandership of Hazrat Ubaidah bin Haarith (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) towards Raabigh. In this contingent, there were no Ansaari Sahaabah present.
When they reached Raabigh, they had a confrontation with two hundred Quraishi mounted cavalry. However, no actual fighting took place. Only Hazrat Sa’d bin Abi Waqqaas (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) launched a single arrow against the enemy. This was recorded as the first arrow to be fired in the history of Islam.
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This chapter deals with the unparalleled sacrifices of the Sahaabah (radhiyallahu ‘anhum) in the path of Allah Ta‘ala, and the execution of those evil enemies who rebelled against Allah Ta‘ala in the various military campaigns.
When the divine commandment of jihaad was revealed, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) commenced fighting and jihaad, and despatched armies to various regions.
In the terminology of the Ulama of Seerah, the battle in which Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) himself participated is referred to as a “ghazwah’ (the plural of which is ghazawaat), while the expedition in which he did not personally participate is referred to as a “sariyyah’ (the plural of which is saraayaa).
The Ordainment of Salaatul Adhaa, Qurbaani, Durood Shareef and Zakaat
Written by user2Salaatul Adhaa and Qurbaani
In the same year (the year 2AH), Qurbaani and the Salaah of Eid-ul-Adhaa were made obligatory. The following verse was revealed in this regard:
فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ
“So perform salaah (of Eid) for your Lord and slaughter (i.e. perform Qurbaani).” (Surah Kauthar v. 2)
Hazrat Hasan Basri (rahimahullah) says, “This verse makes reference to Salaatul Adhaa (Eid-ul-Adhaa Salaah) and to Qurbaani.”
In the year 2 AH, during the last ten days of Sha’baan, fasting during the month of Ramadhaan was made obligatory. In this regard, the following verse was revealed:
شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِيْ أُنْزِلَ فِيْهِ الْقُرْاٰنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنٰتٍ مِّنَ الْهُدَىٰ وَالْفُرۡقَانِ ۚ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ
The month of Ramadhan is a month in which the Qur’aan was revealed, as guidance for mankind and as clear signs of guidance and as a criterion (i.e. that shows the right way and distinguishes between right and wrong). So those of you who witness the month must fast in it. (Surah Baqarah v. 185)
It is reported from Ummul Mumineen Hazrat Aaishah (radhiyallahu ‘anha) and Hazrat Abdullah bin Amr (radhiyallahu ‘anhuma) that when Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) came to Madinah Munawwarah, he instructed the Sahaabah (radhiyallahu ‘anhum) to fast on the Day of Aashuraa (10th of Muharram).
When the fast of Ramadhaan was made fardh, then Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) said, “As far as the fast of Aashuraa is concerned, then one has a choice. If he wishes, he may keep the fast, or if he wishes, he may not keep the fast.”
Hazrat Salamah bin Akwa’ (radhiyallahu ‘anhu) reports, “On the day of Aashuraa, Rasulullah (sallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam) instructed a man to publicly announce, ‘The one who has not eaten anything from the morning as yet should fast for this entire day, and the one who has eaten something from the morning should refrain from eating anything for the entire day and resemble those who are fasting.’”
Sadaqatul Fitr and Eid Salaah
Just two days before the termination of the month of Ramadhaan, the obligations of Sadaqatul Fitr and Eid Salaah were revealed. In this regard, the following verse was revealed:
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكّٰى ﴿١٤﴾ وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلّٰى
Successful is he who has spiritually cleansed himself and he has mentioned the name of his Lord then performed the salaah (of Eid). (Surah A’laa v. 14-15)
Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz (rahimahullah) explained the verse to mean, “Successful is the one who has discharged his Sadaqatul Fitr and performed the Eid Salaah.”
(Extracted from Seeratul Mustafa 1/471-472)
11. Do not engage in any worldly conversations in Musjid Nabawi. [1]
12. Perform two rakaats of Shukr Salaah often, and thank Allah Ta‘ala for blessing you to come to this blessed place. [2]